tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73159455420929466792024-02-19T23:04:51.531+00:00Contextual & Theoretical StudiesAdam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.comBlogger16125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-71685051188287109872010-03-21T09:10:00.001+00:002010-03-23T09:12:20.313+00:00Newspapers<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrmjv_7LX3MXPRgReqw0imYNd_z_s43Rrg1QGqLHYj1n3aPYG-XV9Du8zVhee4aeI56PWT9CgiYkhfZdJU2nKRKOiqai1xTBH1XyF6T5UyrgvJ-MQJ_W0pdV1gMR06M3n27ghD58pBbRE/s1600-h/scansun.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 226px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrmjv_7LX3MXPRgReqw0imYNd_z_s43Rrg1QGqLHYj1n3aPYG-XV9Du8zVhee4aeI56PWT9CgiYkhfZdJU2nKRKOiqai1xTBH1XyF6T5UyrgvJ-MQJ_W0pdV1gMR06M3n27ghD58pBbRE/s320/scansun.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5451754591780843058" /></a><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 226px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheOUOBXJf-S8YRLvH22XA-9RJW4Z6FsAbruecKm02Nz1qRcTJWUiNDdwmQXae0Zz0nh4RTFz4XB043ZLWxLpk_9sMVTKEuQJxb6a2h_eIhkfk_iIU9EtsPhQDevo_CtqyVR_X8xNmzv4Y/s320/scanmail.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5451754583900115554" />These are the fronts of the two newspapers I have been working with. These will be two sources I analyse using semiotic theory.<div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-42471180684167122092010-03-20T17:53:00.002+00:002010-03-20T18:04:53.600+00:00Essay researchI've kindly uploaded the Bignell text I have annotated which I have been referring to a lot in this essay.<br /><embed src="http://static.issuu.com/webembed/viewers/style1/v1/IssuuViewer.swf" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" menu="false" quality="high" scale="noscale" salign="l" flashvars="mode=embed&viewMode=presentation&layout=http%3A%2F%2Fskin.issuu.com%2Fv%2Fcolor%2Flayout.xml&backgroundColor=000000&showFlipBtn=true&documentId=100320175425-4d2e3b6d21c041ed9e40ad642c11ba1e&docName=mediasemiotics&username=AdamTownend&loadingInfoText=Media%20Semiotics&et=1269108281317&er=62" style="width:420px;height:297px" name="flashticker" align="middle"></embed>Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-74067652976433267812010-02-23T08:16:00.003+00:002010-02-23T09:11:09.536+00:00Task 5 - Triangulated view of First Things First Manifesto (2000)The 'First Things First' self proclaimed manifesto, rewritten by the graphic design elite in 2000, is a call to action focussing on Graphic Designers everywhere to stand up and be counted. This was re-introduced to spark a movement from the commercialised designing that helps sell products such as 'diamonds, cigarettes, credit cards and designer coffee' which we are told we need but only for consumerist belonging, and to boost our social status. The manifesto outlines plans to pursue more worthy problems, such environmental and cultural crises.<div><br /></div><div>There were contrasting views on what this manifesto meant to people and how it was received by other designers especially. Rick Poynor, a man who was directly involved with the reprise of the manifesto, writes <i>'For many young designers emerging from design schools, they now appear to be one in the same. Obsessed with how cool an ad looks, rather than with what it is really saying, or the meaning of the context in which it says it'.</i> This shows that Poynor feels the young designers do not realise the ethical and moral repercussions of their actions as a designer. I tend agree from this perspective as we all falsely believe that in some way the latest mobile phone does show progression, as though its something to celebrate, yet it only makes the most trivial parts of our lives better.</div><div><br /></div><div>Overall Poyner reiterates the the responsibility for misleading the consumer, or 'citizen' as he wants them to be known, lies directly with the designer. He ends his argument with the quote '... it is possible for visual communicators to discover alternative ways of operating in design.'</div><div><br /></div><div>Writer Matt Soar comes from a neutral perspective in his article about the revival of the Manifesto by inserting quotes from signatories Milton Glazer and Rick Poyner. The first page makes the manifesto seem like the kick up the backside everyone needed, however, Soar begins to question not only the Manifesto itself but also the agendas of the signatories behind it. Soar writes 'the usual suspects might be understood as the "upper class", or professional elite, perhaps speaking above the heads of, or merely down to the to, the rank and file'. Soar goes on to say that this could be looked at as some sort of dictatorship for what they regard as the right way to design. </div><div><br /></div><div>Soar quotes Michael Beirut, partner of Pentagram and president of the AIGA, who initially reported that he believed the manifesto was <i>'intelligently written' but soon had reservations himself reporting 'the dominant response "out there" in the first few weeks of its appearance had been frustration and alienation: a "that's-easy-for-them-to-say" kind of response.'</i> This response could only act as a revolt against the manifesto as the designers involved have already made a name for themselves and are sitting comfortably. Professor Austin Lowery also had reservations about the manifesto calling for an inquest into what practical level of involvement the signatories had with the values espoused in First things First. </div><div><br /></div><div>I can only agree and question the manifesto as well. My feelings are that no matter how many signatories there are bound by the shackles of ever making any money to survive, as designing solely towards an ethical point of view will never help a designer eat or cloth themselves. I do, however, believe the responsibility is with the designer in some respects, and the line has to be drawn somewhere. I do believe there has been some change for the better as campaigns to re-use plastic bags and recycle have all been successful and has not been at the cost of the designer. There are ethical and moral issues involved in designing for a corporate market, but we have to ensure we can do all we can without hindering the lives of the future.</div>Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-24771302926569922062010-02-21T15:17:00.006+00:002010-02-21T16:03:11.396+00:00Essay Research<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghi9YStnJBzlOx4Y5BUbD4ugZ1C02ShG9vnGS4SJDHSqBODEvzHH09novAZtw005KOP6erkkTS3xI8RmsnPyhF8pWmUTW6D63TwOT29RTytgSXrbIubm87XZu3ab-eBnaA52w2xbQxLSM/s1600-h/Picture+878.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghi9YStnJBzlOx4Y5BUbD4ugZ1C02ShG9vnGS4SJDHSqBODEvzHH09novAZtw005KOP6erkkTS3xI8RmsnPyhF8pWmUTW6D63TwOT29RTytgSXrbIubm87XZu3ab-eBnaA52w2xbQxLSM/s320/Picture+878.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5440717902351955362" border="0" /></a>I have begun my research for the 2,000 word essay and all is well thus far. I bought three newspapers (the times, the sun and the mail) I decided to go for the mail over the guardian as both the times and the guardian had similar headlines. I got most of the books I wanted as well as one other I didn't originally state.<br /><br />I now want to look at journals of the theorists I have stated in my plan, as I can get direct quotes from them rather than relying on books about the subject.<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu9UhXZ4IltasXnDDljvUcnrwB78KEHV3L9f3abo8k3I5oB2tHuRSgqRQdvbov78_iXPbnPPhE9iyANDlumaY09RpHrCweMQm_TA5yVwWp8hdlHIGrrsLM2mhddXnwqnccNuwZDbkqYHY/s1600-h/Picture+879.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu9UhXZ4IltasXnDDljvUcnrwB78KEHV3L9f3abo8k3I5oB2tHuRSgqRQdvbov78_iXPbnPPhE9iyANDlumaY09RpHrCweMQm_TA5yVwWp8hdlHIGrrsLM2mhddXnwqnccNuwZDbkqYHY/s320/Picture+879.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5440717913497416194" border="0" /></a>I plan to use the newspapers as the focus and leave out the other media such as tv and radio for the dissertation.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt2IPKbRmhYz3b0nsKi3BTI4TZnHLZZhfh7QduINpyj4_4x8pF1dabsIuSNXr3BWrCQmyeuCxEfqAXkDnFF-HD81TYaSchW_HkfeaPVaio92rYHkOOiH3f_M843xPJLJA4zuiBAKy-dys/s1600-h/Picture+880.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt2IPKbRmhYz3b0nsKi3BTI4TZnHLZZhfh7QduINpyj4_4x8pF1dabsIuSNXr3BWrCQmyeuCxEfqAXkDnFF-HD81TYaSchW_HkfeaPVaio92rYHkOOiH3f_M843xPJLJA4zuiBAKy-dys/s320/Picture+880.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5440717917787089810" border="0" /></a>Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-73532226219334458762010-02-14T17:12:00.004+00:002010-03-20T18:05:46.080+00:00Task 4Essay on Tv by Adorno. Annotated by my good self.<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEincCco4DaeLunE-YzMfuI3VNzLmWM86Ro0PznXOB4BoKMvWZ0szwGpSvmCj_T4mmcR3-trFshW5W1Apv5wZbZ9aJjs65B10PZG9wi7TDF1noFSVs4FPfvb9qr-Y4i48eds3o2MJ3cFx-c/s1600-h/scan0001.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 226px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEincCco4DaeLunE-YzMfuI3VNzLmWM86Ro0PznXOB4BoKMvWZ0szwGpSvmCj_T4mmcR3-trFshW5W1Apv5wZbZ9aJjs65B10PZG9wi7TDF1noFSVs4FPfvb9qr-Y4i48eds3o2MJ3cFx-c/s320/scan0001.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5438148539869505122" border="0" /></a>Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-32636463887671773902010-01-28T11:34:00.002+00:002010-01-28T12:35:24.568+00:00Essay Proposal<span style="font-weight:bold;">A proposed essay title or topic<br /></span>Reading the media: A critical reading of the mass media (newspapers, radio, TV, and the Internet) and it's ideologies. - not a final title<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-weight:bold;">The main issues addressed by your argument (in bullet points)<br /></span>- The genderisation in music and television and newspapers - Man's world<br />- Trends in newspapers Tabloids vs broadsheet (coverage of social against political factors)<br />- Class distinctions (who buys, watches, listens to what?) does what we listen to, watch, shape views (can we change those views)<br />- The use of language (what language is used across media, how does it relate to class, gender, race)<br />- Politics and the mass media, who controls it? (westernisation) (News manipulated to include propaganda)</div><div><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Any visual material that you will look at (include hyperlinks if possible)<br /></span>Three newspapers of the same day (The Sun, The Times, The Guardian)</div><div>Music videos (Pop culture)</div><div>Television programmes (BBC News, GMTV) Reality TV (X Factor, Big Brother)</div><div><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">What theoretical approach / methodology will you use? e.g. marxism, the gaze, psychoanalysis etc</span><br />Critical Theory, Semiotics, etc</div><div><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Which specific theorists / writers will you refer to?</span><br />Marx, Adorno, Althusser, Foucault</div><div><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">At least 5 books / articles / resources already located (referenced using Harvard)</span><br />Bignell, J. (1997) Media Semiotics: An introduction. Manchester University Press.</div><div>Fowler, R. (1991) Language in the news: discourse and ideology in the press. Routledge.<br />Sturken, M. & Cartwright, L. (2009) Practices of looking: an introduction to visual culture. Oxford University Press.<br />Semiotics for Beginners http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/sem06.html<br />Marcuse, H. (1991). One-dimensional man. Routledge.<br /></div>Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-70403228255559280772009-12-23T19:41:00.002+00:002009-12-23T21:14:49.427+00:002,000 word essay: briefNow I have had all the lectures for this year, I need to start thinking about an area of focus for my essay and a topic of interest to base my writings on. From all of the lectures I have found the lectures on 'Institutional power' and 'Communication theory'. I obviously have to look a suitable subject that I can link back somehow to Graphic Design practice. With that in mind I would consider communication theory to be a more worthy subject in relation to graphic design as I can look at decoding advertising and look for connotations and hidden meanings within them.Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-8573726230692038682009-12-10T12:09:00.002+00:002009-12-10T12:52:55.217+00:00Globalisation Lecture notesHegemony - One power over whole community<div><br /></div><div>Globalisation - extension of free market</div><div>- socialist - utopian - people of the world are unified.</div><div>- Capitalist</div><div>- Refers to technology</div><div>- One common culture</div><div><br /></div><div>Cultural Globalisation - World known corporations: football, McDonald's, Coca-Cola, Rock 'n' Roll.</div><div><br /></div><div>George Ritzer - 'McDonaldization' - dominates more and more sectors world wide</div><div><br /></div><div>Marshall Mcluhan - Global village - extended our central nervous system in a global embrace (1964)</div><div>- Radio + TV - Extension of eyes and ears</div><div><br /></div><div>- Technological advances - Internet - extension of man- (we could see 9/11 happen through the internet)</div><div><br /></div><div>- Jihad Vs McWorld (book) Benjamin, R. Barber.</div><div>- Ideologies of regligious nationalism and globalisation - local capitalism</div><div><br /></div><div>Globalisation problems - sovereignty, accountability, city identity.</div><div>Cultural imperialism - certain countries over power others.</div><div><br /></div><div>Key thinkers </div><div>- Schiller </div><div>- Chomsky</div><div><br /></div><div>Media conglomerates operate as oligopolies </div><div>Warner - HBO, CNN, Cartoon Network, Sports Illustrated.</div><div>- The media outlets have same views and interests</div><div>- Oligopolies divide world into territories in terms of viable marketability.</div><div>1) North America 2) Western Europe, Japan and Australia 3) Developing countries (India, Brazil, China) 4) Rest of the world </div><div><br /></div><div>Dissemination - UK gets westernised view</div><div><br /></div><div>- Local culture is destroyed - New forms of cultural dependency</div><div><br /></div><div>- Schiller - Dominance of US media forces model of broadcasting on other countries.</div><div>- Big Brother - Western culture rolled out across world.</div><div>- Western cultural imperialism</div><div><br /></div><div>Ownership - Rupert Murdoch - NOTW, The Sun, Sunday Ties, The Times, BSkyB, Fox</div><div>- Selling news as a product</div><div>- News objectivity removed.</div><div><br /></div><div>Sourcing - Reporters placed in western places</div><div>- News reports of interest to westerners</div><div><br /></div><div>Funding - Needs to profitable to make new news stories</div><div><br /></div><div>Flak - Negative response to news stories</div><div>- GCC - Buying off scientists to control media output</div><div><br /></div><div>Anti Ideologies</div><div>- Repress Difference</div><div>- Quell Opposition</div><div>- Total, physical domination of the world</div><div><br /></div><div>Al Gore ' An inconvenient truth' Dir. Davis Guggenheim.</div><div>- Sensationalism and scientific truth mix.</div><div><br /></div><div>Gordon Brown using media to attack skeptics.</div><div><br /></div><div>Sustainability - Meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future. </div><div>Bio fuel - Alternative fuel for cars (greener fuel but made using pollutive methods)</div><div>- Plant built in poorest areas</div><div>-Noise and air pollution </div><div>- Negative social and enviro effects</div><div><br /></div><div>- Green washing</div><div>- Media ideologies to make the big companies seem more environmental </div><div>- Taurus ecoboost</div><div>- Green McDonalds</div>Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-59043010280125304162009-12-03T12:12:00.004+00:002009-12-03T12:41:26.913+00:00Reality, Virtuality, Hyper-reality: Lecture Notes<span style="font-weight: bold;">Jean Baudrillard </span>- French Philospher + Social Theorist<br />- 'Structuralism' + 'Post-Structuralism'<br />- Key theorist of post-modernism<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Key Precusors</span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Karl Marx</span><br />- Thought through capitalist implications on society<br />- Use-Value<br />- Exchange-Value - Products become commodities - We are expected to believe commodities are of high and low monetary value<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ferdinand Saussure</span> - Swiss Linguist<br />- 'Theory of linguistic value'<br />- 'Theory of sign'<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Guy Debord</span> - French Marxist Theorist and film maker<br />- Image based culture - 'Society of the spectacle'<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Marshall McCluhan</span> - Canadian literary, scholar and educator<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Georges Bataille </span>- French writer - Art & Culture to challenge concept of spectacle<br />- Refuse to accept commodity culture as a given and challenged with counter arguments<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Marchel Mauss</span> - Sociologist and Anthropologist<br />- 'Theory of Gift'<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Jean Baudrillard </span><br />Books<br />- The System of objects<br />- Simulacra and Simulation (Defining text)<br />- Symbolic exchange and Death<br />- The Illusion of the End<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Simulacra and Simulation</span><br />- Context<br />- Vietnam War<br />- Situationism<br />- Rise of Consumerism and Mass Media<br />- Colonialism end<br />- The Cold War<br />- Watergate Scandal<br />- Rise of Terrorism<br /><br />End of utopanism - Rise of post-modernism - Hyperreal<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Jorges Luis Borges</span> - 'On Exactitude in Science'<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Plato</span> - 'The world is an image of something, the timaeus' Plato<br />- Philosophical Reality<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>- Plato's allegory of the cave - Bastardisation of reality<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pure Simulacrum</span> - An appearance of simulation which has no profound reality.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Disneyification</span> - Taking an a cartoon creation and placing it into 'reality' (example: snow whites castle and building a replica in Disney World)<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Baudrillard</span> - Forget foucault (book) - Foucaults panoptic model does not offer best solution.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Matrix </span>- Post-Modernism (example of virtual reality)<br />- Virtual world with real world.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bladerunner</span> - Classic example of post-modernistic film making - Hyper reality<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">History becoming simulacrum</span> - Written in books, simulated sketches, and remastered videoAdam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-63541238378053135812009-12-02T08:51:00.004+00:002009-12-02T12:15:06.550+00:00Media Ideology: Adorno on pop music culture - Task 2To sum up Theodor Adorno in a few words, he was a marxist ideologist with a difference. He applied these theories to 20th century culture. In this task I will focus on a Adorno essay on popular music. <div><br /></div><div>Adorno believed there were two 'spheres of music', popular music, which was highly standardized for a particular market, and 'serious music' which he believed was authentic culture because it pushed the boundaries and didn't conform to the model of popular music. This is backed up in Adorno's essay with the reference of what he believes popular music to consist of 'Best known is the rule that the chorus consists of thirty two bars and that the range is limited to octave and one note. The general type of hits are also standardized...' (Adorno, W 1941 Pg1).</div><div><br /></div><div>Adorno goes on to talk about industry mechanisms which sees music released not in a creative capacity but from a business sense. This is definitely an argument that holds its strength in terms of the reality television where 'artists' compete for a music contract. 'Structural standardization aims at standard reactions. Listening to popular music is manipulated not only by its promoters but but, as it were by the inherent nature of this music itself, into a system of response'. (Adorno, W 1941 Pg1). The fact that most finalists on these reality shows eventually release singles tell us that it is less of a competition, and more of a business. </div><div><br /></div><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 272px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTW54nXmrlTNWuJczlF1XmRfLMBjcRVXujf9gzVkFnnKrOIIViKWozpNQDDsu1dziaPhPvwBSqbkD0Y4DsV7XlShwbLajQdUWV50rOd-CradW22Qt-LHbT807J0hUG_ziUEURpc97bYpA/s400/Picture+20.png" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5410569765996056738" /><div>Adorno's next point has made me think differently about technology. Last.FM is a website that allows users to sign up for accounts and list their favourite artists. The website takes the information from the user and gives them a list of artists that they may not have heard of. My originally thoughts on this were that it would expand our musical tastes, however, this is not the case. The artists and band names churned out produced the same music as the ones listed. So therefore, the feature actually narrows your music tastes, and restricts you to one genre. Adorno writes 'Popular music becomes a multiple-choice questionnaire. The listener is encouraged by the inexorable presence of these types physchologically to cross out what he dislikes and check what he likes.' (Adorno, W 1941 Pg2)</div><div><br /></div><div>The use of repetition is mentioned also. Radio and Television advertisements are still heavily geared toward what Adorno calls 'plugging'. The process involves the 'ceaseless repetition of one hit in order to make it successful'. Adorno argues that any song described as popular music can become a hit on the back of this constant plugging. Radio stations such as BBC radio 1 have a strict playlist which requires them to constantly play the same 'chart' music each day and unsurprisingly as one hit begins its fall down the chart, the next is ready to come from the production line. </div><div><br /></div><div>Radio 1 works on the basis of the listener recognizing the songs they hear and for it to become their playlist for the month. I suppose the recognition of a certain beat or rhythm reminds the listener what they are supposed to like when the next hit is played for the first time. 'Mass listening habits today gravitate about recognition. Popular music and its plugging are focussed on this habituation. The basic principle behind it is that one need only repeat something until it is recognized in order to make it accepted.' (Adorno, W 1941 Pg3)</div><div><br /></div><div>Adorno tries to define the listener, and does this by splitting the listener into two groups, the 'rhythmical' and the 'emotional' type. The rhythmical type is obedient to rhythm and beat. The emotional type, is linked through their emotions and shows a deeper connection. At this point in the essay, I would start to question Adorno's theories and judgement, when applied to modern culture. I think that it is correct to assume some sort of rhythmical obedience when discussing youth culture and socializing in clubs and pubs. However, becoming mechanically agglutinized with any rhythmic beat is a little wide of the mark in regards all young people.</div><div><br /></div><div>I think it's difficult not to agree with some of the points made by Adorno, as these claims can be applied to modern popular music. Of course popular music is not controlled by one genre. The examples below are music videos of Green Day, a highly successful American Pop Punk band. I enjoy their music but I can see why Adorno's theories can be argued successfully when examples like these are used. I've picked these two examples because the theory can not only be applied to genres of music, it can be applied to the bands in some cases. Most of the american pop punk bands can be seen as standardizing with the inherent use of palm muting, pick slides and similar effects used within each piece of music.</div><div><br /></div><div>However, while there is a demand for the mass culture that invades our music industry, and people are buying into the notion that Lady Gaga's single was different to the last and that Amanda Burke is not just a evil reincarnation of Leona Lewis, who is herself a an evil reincarnation of another R'n'B singer, then the music 'business' will prevail.</div><div><br /></div><div>Green Day - Know Your Enemy</div><div><object width="560" height="340"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/wwtG-rS30Yk&hl=en_US&fs=1&"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/wwtG-rS30Yk&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="560" height="340"></embed></object></div><br />Green Day - American Idiot<br /><object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/lg7YjwZzNz0&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/lg7YjwZzNz0&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-22542592872400824502009-11-30T13:01:00.002+00:002009-11-30T13:27:10.917+00:00Communication Theory lecture notesLaswell's Maxim 'Who says what to whom in what channel with what effect'<br /><br />Traditions of communication theory - Cybernetic or information theory - (transmissional) <br /> - Semiotics (Constitutive)<br /> - Systems theory <br /> - Phenomenology <br /> - Socio-psychology <br /> - Socio-culture <br /> - Critical theory <br /><br />Cybernetic theory of communication - Model based on telephone <br /> - Now applied to other forms of communication<br /><br />To be effective communicators in terms of design we need to get rid of noise.<br /><br />Systems theory - Systematic analysis of complex communication theories<br /> - Semiotics (Semantics, Syntactics and Pragmatics)<br /> - Communication through signs<br /> - Analysing structures<br /><br />Phenomenology - Relates to perception <br /> - Makes lived experience the basic data of reality (Bad relationships dictate future relationships)<br /><br />Hermeneutic Circle - interpreters constantly go back and forth between experience and assigning meaning<br /><br />Three schools of the phenomenological tradition - Classical phenomenology <br /> - Phenomenology of perception <br /> - Hermeneutic Phenomenology<br /><br />Rhetoric - Linguistic devices - Bring people around to your way of thinking.<br />Hyperbole - Persuasion through extreme measures<br />Irony - Linguistic trickery<br />Personification - lifestyle personified in individual.<br /><br />Paraprosdokian - Suprise - Unusual position/content for advert <br /><br />Sociocultural theories - Social codes - Categorisation as part of social system<br /><br />Critical Theory - Psychoanalysis + Marxist mix<br /> - Unpick social structures and contexts from medialogical communication <br /> - Power structures <br /> - Hidden political, social gender.Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-38352584370154652572009-11-30T12:12:00.002+00:002009-11-30T13:00:56.183+00:00Psycho Analysis lecturePyschoanalysis - Relates to behavior<br /> - Way of thinking<br />Structure<br />Conscious - 'Ego' - Thing you want to show to others <br />Unconscious - 'Super Ego' (moral and social) lies beneath surface, Our conscience | 'id'- relates to desires (sex, pain, death)<br /><br />Superego represses id so it can be controlled and used appropriately. Taboo's of society<br /><br />Trauma - When super ego fails (Ned Flanders)<br /><br />Moses of Michelangelo - link to design and psychoanalysis - (Freud's analysis) is he about to get up and act or is he about to sit and contemplate his actions. <br /> - representation of intellectual anger that matches subject.<br /><br />Psychoanalysis and Surrealism - Shows desires in controlled environment<br /><br />Psychoanalysis and media - a way to fulfill desires in controlled environment - desire to kill or hurt (GTA)<br /> - Freud - desires to hurt stem from secondary death drive<br /><br />Object relations - Winnicott (1951)<br /> - How we view and use objects<br /> - 'Invest' emotional energy in inanimate object<br /> - Blanket 'Transitional object'<br /><br />Object relations and advertising - replacing one object for another based on desires.<br /><br />Abject - part of the body that repulses us. - bodily fluids<br /> - It is the object that transgresses taste.<br /><br />Psychoanalysis in visual culture - The gaze - Theories and ideas surrounding the power of looking<br /><br />Laura Mulvey - 'Visual Pleasures and Narrative Cinema' (1975)<br /> - Hollywood film - Men drive the plot and own 'the gaze'<br /> - Even in female cast films - directed by men<br /><br />Freud Theories - Scopophylia - the pleasure of looking at bodies as objects<br /> - Narcissistic Identification - spectator identifies with male hero in narrative films<br /> - Suture -Looking through eyes of actor without guilt.<br /><br />Going from 3rd person to 1st person (P.O.V) - We know we haven't physically looked but we take pleasure in looking. <br /><br />Peep Show - Suture/ Point of view gaze<br /> - When ‘suture’ is broken, the viewer is aware of the power of their own gaze.<br /><br />Spectators gaze - most common form of gaze.<br />Intra diagetic gaze – a gaze of one depicted person at another within the image (Dramas, etc. used in shooter video games)<br />extra diagetic gaze – this is the direct address to the viewer (News programmes)Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-53584182724456839142009-11-30T11:02:00.002+00:002009-11-30T12:10:57.507+00:00Media Ideology LectureIdeology - System of ideas or beliefs<br /> - Marxist Philosophy<br /> - Media Subjects<br /><br />- Ideas are presented in false, masked ways (false conscientiousness)<br />- Presented to give us masked view - Propaganda <br /><br />Captalism - Bourgeoisie (wealthy, fat cats business owners)<br /> - Proletariat (working class, produce commodities to be sold)<br /><br />Marxism - Political manifesto - Communism - Everyone is equal - utopian values<br /> - Society determined by human behavior <br /><br />Base and Superstructure - Base - Workers, production line<br /> - Superstructure - Social Institutions<br /><br />Marxists concept of base and superstructure - Relations that govern relationships between worker and employer.<br />- Base determines superstructure <br />- Superstructure can strengthen the base<br /><br />Capitalist system - Drive to constantly grow <br /> - Superstructure - The state<br /><br />Rulers - The government, politicians, kings - working on behalf of the rich.<br />Church - Mask over class divisions<br />Agents of the state - Army<br />The Bourgeoisie - Fat cats, business owners<br />The Proletariat - Workforce<br /><br />Ideology - Berger - 'Ways of Seeing' (1972)<br /> - The media is patriarchal - Men are thinkers, Women appear<br /><br />Althusser - Economic Base<br /> - Superstructure - Political <br /> - Ideology - we buy into it. - it offers false solutions<br /> - Interpellation - Sex divides<br /> - 'Problematic' - more about what isn't printed (wonderbra ads) - reading behind ideology.<br /><br />Ideological state apparatus - Keeps us in our place subconsciously<br /> - Media creates false consciousness <br /> - The constitution of the subject - Mind shaped through culture.<br /><br />Newspapers - Coded forms of language - News discourse, Media Semiotics (J, Bignall)<br /> - The sun joined labour campaign - Helping each other (Sun wrote articles favouring labour for handouts - relax monopoly laws.<br /> - The Times - Born from a social area of privilege, Times font - symbolic of britishness.<br /> - Star - Spoken language, less iconography, abbreviation, start to instruct, interpellate (load newspapers with sport and scantily clad women for men).<br /> - Keeping/promoting social divides.<br /><br />Decoding advertisements - We can link ourselves through commodity fetishism. <br /> - Garbage of new york (buying into city culture and associations)<br /><br />Frankfurt school - Critical theory <br /> - Invented approach to society - critical theory.<br /> - Adorno, Horkheimer, Marcuse, Lowenthal<br /><br />Adorno/Horkheimer - Applying marxist ideology to 20th century.<br /> - Culture industry - Identical to each other<br /> - Business driven<br /> - Examples - Xfactor/Big Brother (model to work to every year)<br /><br />Authentic culture - Real<br /> - European (America will never have authentic culture)<br /> - Autonomous <br /> - Example Dvorak - New world symphony (Authentic) - Once applied to advert, it loses its authenticity and becomes mass culture.<br /><br />Adorno on Pop Music - Standardised<br /> - Pre digest - Easy to consume<br /> - Rhythmic + emotional adjustment (Pastiche)Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-7540942487343900122009-11-09T18:23:00.005+00:002009-11-16T19:15:30.235+00:00Panopticism task'Panopticism' as a method of correction is theory made famous by Michel Foucault. Foucault, a Panoptic theorist, believes that Pantopticism, relates to 'institutional gaze' which makes us self regulate our behaviour in certain situations.<br /><br />This theory intrigues me, and although his evidence is backed up through the events of the plague in the 1700's, his views can be applied to modern society. For example, my father works as a manager for a security company. He has a team of workers who report to him, and whom he is responsible for, known as 'security engineers', this is basically a workforce consisting of 7 people who install and maintain the alarm systems put in place. The managing director, a power crazy dictator of the security circuit, has institutional power over all workers, places these engineers under my father's supervision. This subversion of power is a panoptic act in itself as Foucault describes. 'Any individual, taken almost at random, can operate the machine'(Foucault, 1975 p82). The machine refers to the workforce, the production line, the people that make things happen.<br /><br />Two years ago it was decided by the higher ranks to install tracking devices to all the engineers’ vehicles. This would be in place to track their whereabouts at any given time. The trackers would be monitored 24 hours a day, and give exact locations of where their vehicle was parked. Is this something that should be encouraged? To me, this is a very panoptic act and Foucault's quote backs up this claim. He talks about constantly monitoring and recording information. 'Movements are supervised, in which all events are recorded'(Foucault, 1975 p78) and 'The gaze is alert everywhere' (Foucault, 1975 p76). The only difference from the traditional 'gaze' in which prisoners were constantly monitored by guards, the workers today are monitored by technology, in the form of trackers<br /><br />This pressures the workforce into self regulating their behaviour, i.e not leaving work early, or having longer lunch breaks, to avoid disciplinary action. If disciplinary action was to be taken such as reduced wages for leaving work early, this would again fall under a panoptic dictatorship. Foucault discusses 'disciplinary projects'(Foucault, 1975 p78) such as separation and segmentation as well as pillory. Reducing wages would again make the worker self regulate to make sure it never happens again or further discipline would take place. Although, I do not know if these forms of surveillance actually maintain healthy relationships among staff.<br /><br />The last quote here is key to the argument. '...according to a continuous hierarchical figure, in which each individual is constantly located... – all this constitutes a compact model of the disciplinary mechanism' (Foucault, 1975 p78). This is an overall quote which backs up the whole of my argument and can be said to link to the higher ranks constantly observing data presented by the tracking systems at the end of each week to make sure no worker broke the rules put in place.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bibliography</span><br />Foucault, M. (1975) <span style="font-style: italic;">Panopticism</span>Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-58574075453443100462009-11-08T10:18:00.000+00:002009-11-30T11:02:33.597+00:00Panopticism lecturePrinciples of the panopticon <br /><br />Michel Foucault - Panopticism theorist<br /> - Disciplinary Society<br /> - Books ('Madness & Civilisation' 'Discipline & Punish')<br /> - 'Transforming western societies from form of power imposed by ruler or sovereign to panopticism'<br /><br />Madmen - Moved from town to town<br /> - Deemed to be deviant<br /> - Need to be corrected<br /><br />Great Confinement - Houses of correction (Beggars, unemployed as well as madmen)<br /> - Purpose was to hide people <br /> - Prisoners had no moral fibre, all went wrong<br /> - Prisoners abused each other<br /><br />Forms of correction - Power Hierarchy<br /> - Knowledge is power<br /> - Discipline should be physical and public (pillory)<br /> - Public Execution<br /> - Guy Fawkes (example of the times) Hung, drawn and quartered.<br /><br />Panopticon - Birth of Asylum<br /> - Designed by Jeremy Bentham<br /> - Disciplinary Society & Disciplinary Power<br /> - Alternative method of correction through mind (Mental psychology)<br /> - Control through mind rather than body.<br /> - 'Institutional Gaze' - Guards have 360 view of prisoners from control tower. <br /> - Prisoners isolated and constantly monitored, and could never see guards.<br /> - Prisoner eventually controls themselves and learns to self regulate<br /> - Never want to digress in fear of being watched/surveillanced.<br /> - Surrey Asylum - Panoptic asylum<br /><br />Self regulation - Docile bodies - submissive, ready to learn<br /> - Force body to carry out tasks<br /> - Gyms - Government wants us to be healthy to work longer, to be more productive<br /> <br />Modern day panopticism - Modern society<br /> - Power and surveillance through 'training' of the mind<br /><br />Examples - Open plan office - Boss can watch all workers, 'the office' comedy series<br /> - Bars/clubs - power over customers<br /> - Google Maps - Panoptic Surveilance<br /> - Lectures - Set in rows, disciplined/self regulate, Attention toward front<br /> - Student records - Gives tutors power over students<br /> - CCTV - Monitors on mass scale - form of voyeurism <br /> - Speed cameras - 1/3rd don't have film but people still slow down<br /> - Networking websites - Facebook<br /><br />Foucault and Power - Panoptically subvert power <br /><br />Panopticism and Art - Bruce Nauman - Corridor pieces<br /> - Vito Acconci - Seed Bed<br /> - Chris Burden - Samson (1985)Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7315945542092946679.post-50302295293874362092009-10-25T13:04:00.011+00:002009-11-04T21:10:26.795+00:00Home Grown Exhibition @ Manchester Urbis<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuvu2-7Du-o-NRdsEipqiy2mQ-jDX0oXLtONtjzJ5KtNkBNLWOFkJiG7ntX9sgZqM3OYcq8GEZ9oEzoOonEUw6bu63qtJwxLyzM2rXz6HdCpIeLuaPxVpL4yCVQHgxcLZaRMJUkP5vnzw/s1600-h/Picture+755+%5BDesktop+Resolution%5D.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuvu2-7Du-o-NRdsEipqiy2mQ-jDX0oXLtONtjzJ5KtNkBNLWOFkJiG7ntX9sgZqM3OYcq8GEZ9oEzoOonEUw6bu63qtJwxLyzM2rXz6HdCpIeLuaPxVpL4yCVQHgxcLZaRMJUkP5vnzw/s200/Picture+755+%5BDesktop+Resolution%5D.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396532919622128594" border="0" /></a>Hip hop is not really my sort of thing, but I still appreciate the design behind it and the silly tracksuits so I went along anyway. Due to my lack of knowledge, I read a lot and can't remember much. I suppose the things we took for granted and thought were cool what seems like a couple of years ago now just looks pathetic. From an analytical point of view, it was good to see how fashions had changed but disappointing to see the number of gendered music videos with scantily clad women dancing around in them, thinking to myself that it just got less and less about the music and more and more about image. The treatment of women in hip hop/rap scene is obviously a talking point and seems to be more accepted these days. Run DMC didn't need that image to sell records so why does Fifty Cent and the rest of em.<br /><br />I found myself looking around the gallery from a designers point of view. Looking at stock and print and particularly typography. I think they did a nice job of the logo and info boards for the various eras. Looks like they had used a normal wall covering and then applied a vinyl cut sticker over the top. Some of the design of the early 90's left a lot to be desired but I'm sure that sort of stuff will come around again in the next 10 years.<br /><br />Here are my photos from the exhibition.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf2J_8oi86VGC9ESxgegLUpW54iqcnBw6eABiy5YCyn2GRY3saFmF0jzVoxlCnpxCKFZGgRN2JvGFtF7jCZqMMu_CPHE1fIh64H9Fv5RraZGyuIES_rUPIue4wkKDl86bqRIDB0Fb0lDA/s1600-h/Picture+759+%5BDesktop+Resolution%5D.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 164px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf2J_8oi86VGC9ESxgegLUpW54iqcnBw6eABiy5YCyn2GRY3saFmF0jzVoxlCnpxCKFZGgRN2JvGFtF7jCZqMMu_CPHE1fIh64H9Fv5RraZGyuIES_rUPIue4wkKDl86bqRIDB0Fb0lDA/s200/Picture+759+%5BDesktop+Resolution%5D.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396532838080677570" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVYj0dLoza5DhGQydeMTa78NJa6XvQZtu-Vv5aIeAHufR5uzkSXXAtGItb41fpuNYwJ16x3vADaXOWOYVRE9Uq61JChu1K5NFaFKQJ_UE-N9N-T1WWiSLT8EV3C_2BVRsxXKbZIE0QWDY/s1600-h/Picture+758+%5BDesktop+Resolution%5D.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 166px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVYj0dLoza5DhGQydeMTa78NJa6XvQZtu-Vv5aIeAHufR5uzkSXXAtGItb41fpuNYwJ16x3vADaXOWOYVRE9Uq61JChu1K5NFaFKQJ_UE-N9N-T1WWiSLT8EV3C_2BVRsxXKbZIE0QWDY/s200/Picture+758+%5BDesktop+Resolution%5D.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396532836180267618" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic7PDpJEaiYQ88KPUkJAnFRw_270mr61tFG0Uvz1X5vGwA_f43VgTzqJsjOCXoREFuEDTldJEFjONQZmBseunxtjxIRpbDZ8fuef5bSvDyxQwDOm4rrXA8xfB8MpRwe5j3RYd53RDcn30/s1600-h/Picture+757+%5BDesktop+Resolution%5D.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 129px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic7PDpJEaiYQ88KPUkJAnFRw_270mr61tFG0Uvz1X5vGwA_f43VgTzqJsjOCXoREFuEDTldJEFjONQZmBseunxtjxIRpbDZ8fuef5bSvDyxQwDOm4rrXA8xfB8MpRwe5j3RYd53RDcn30/s200/Picture+757+%5BDesktop+Resolution%5D.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396532829289016418" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsL7S9WNj79E4ZaD3-mDLxoWI4CI3OSudwbZ3HHAicN0_8HWo3pgeP_5h73LIT6a7xxRTyYVNvebSp8v8mxVxHYBDogLvq0-l3okoRrSD3PlzKumnSHBOWnOyxWsKJrHh114kn891eSFE/s1600-h/Picture+756+%5BDesktop+Resolution%5D.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; 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float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuEBXl3zHfhfzlMKm4LAFS7nXn6R8ODa1o_QIAtCeUtwVSkisLcGfGQ8qC7qILWhA1xp8Yot-0LcxzUR316f1iIKtDzxRanRWJ5XqtEQ7_R2OiFKgEJFlJgaZkw6GJ43cP_b-gotfH9T0/s200/Picture+783+%5BDesktop+Resolution%5D.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5396531456707623490" border="0" /></a>Adam Townendhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17739309332646555268noreply@blogger.com0